The Corpse Had a Familiar Face: Covering Miami America's Hottest Beat

  FOR EDNA MAE TUNIS

  Acknowledgments

  I wish to thank Gene Miller, Rick Ovelmen, The Miami Herald and the staff at Random House for their support, and Michael Congdon, my agent, for his guidance and friendship.

  INTRODUCTION

  It was my day off, but it was murder. Again.

  The phone caught me on the way out. A body in a car in a parking lot. Sure, I said. It was on my way. I'd check it out. It was high noon, during the Christmas rush, in a city parking lot outside a Miami Beach department store near bustling Lincoln Road Mall.

  A shiny, lime-green Coupe de Ville sat at a meter, its wheels turned sharply. The red flag signaled violation.

  The driver's time had run out.

  The meter maid had written a parking ticket. She leaned over to place it on the windshield and saw the man inside. A parking ticket would not irritate this driver. Nothing would. She called the police.

  A knot of patrolmen and detectives ringed the car. I still hoped it was something simple. Maybe a heart attack, or a suicide. A bald, cigar-smoking detective named Emery Zerick stepped away from the car and called my name. I saw the look in his eyes and I knew: My day off was down the toilet.

  This cop was no rookie. He had seen it all—and more.

  It was clear that something was different about this one. "Come on," he invited. We walked up to the Cadillac. I leaned over carefully, without touching it, and peered inside.

  The corpse had a familiar face.

  To the thatch of silver-gray hair, the ferociously dark and shaggy eyebrows, something had been added: powder bums. They smudged the flesh around the two holes in his left temple. An exit wound on the right side of his face had bloodied his cheek.

  "It's your friend and mine, Mr. St. Jean," the detective said. His low, distinctive voice was steady and without emotion. We looked at each other. I took a deep breath and nodded.

  My day off was history. So was Harvey St. Jean.

  Harvey had it all: money, prestige, and a national reputation as a formidable and flamboyant criminal defense lawyer. He attracted the most colorful and newsworthy people in trouble. I first met Harvey when he represented Jack "Murph the Surf" Murphy, the beachboy jewel thief who stole the priceless Star of India, the world's finest sapphire.

  The murdered criminal lawyer and the weathered detective standing beside me went back even further. As young men both wore the badge and the gun.

  Harvey began as a Miami Beach cop. He pedaled a bicycle on patrol of the rich residential islands back in the days when Al Capone lived in a big house on Palm Island. Harvey liked the moneyed lifestyle he saw there. He didn't keep his badge long. He studied law at night school and learned how to use it to get people out of jail instead of putting them in there. He had a talent for freeing the accused.

  The talent bought him a Jockey Club apartment and his own sauna and whirlpool. His expensive golf clubs lay in the trunk of his Cadillac. It looked as though he had planned to play eighteen holes that afternoon.

  Harvey had it all, but somebody with a gun had just taken it away. I scanned the parking lot for a pay phone. I had to tell my editors to start a photographer rolling.

  I cover crime for The Miami Herald, daily circulation 438,334. In my sixteen years at the Herald, I have reported more than five thousand violent deaths. Many of the corpses have had familiar faces: cops and killers, politicians and prostitutes, doctors and lawyers.

  Some were my friends.

  This book is about them, about life and death in Miami—the place, the people, and the world of a police reporter in a city like no other.

  PART I

  I'm not afraid to die. I just don't want to be there when It happens.

  Woody Allen

  ONE

  Miami It's Murder

  The crime that inevitably intrigues me most is murder. It's so final.

  At a fresh murder scene you can smell the blood and hear the screams; years later, they still echo in my mind. Unsolved murders are unfinished stories. The scenes of the crimes may change over the years; highways are built over them, buildings are torn down, houses are sold. I drive by and wonder if the new occupants, as they go about their daily lives, ever sense what happened there. Do they know, or am I the only one who still remembers?

  The face of Miami changes so quickly, but the dead stay that way. I feel haunted by the restless souls of those whose killers walk free.

  Somebody owes them.

  And nobody is trying to collect. Detectives divert their energies to new cases with hot leads. It is only natural.

  But I can't forget.

  The first homicide victim I ever wrote about was sixty-seven years old and from New Jersey, a retired dealer in religious books. Somebody beat him to death with a strange object resembling an elephant-sized Q-Tip. The killer dropped the weapon. Police found it, but they could never figure out what it was, much less who used it.

  His last night on earth began pleasantly for Edward Becher; he escorted his wife to the theater. The vacationing couple returned afterward to their oceanfront hotel. He left his wife at the front door and drove off alone to park the car in a lot two blocks away.

  He failed to return and his wife became concerned. Eventually she went to look for him. In the parking lot, she found the police with a shaken motorist who had discovered her husband unconscious on the pavement. He had already been taken to a hospital, where he died.

  The murder weapon was the only clue: an iron pipe, thirty inches long, swaddled at each end with burlap. Everyone who saw it said the same thing: It looks like a giant Q-Tip. Baffled police created duplicates and displayed them to the public hoping for a link to the killer.

  The weapon was not, as some citizens suggested, a tool to lubricate machinery or a torch used by fire dancers at a local nightspot.

  The circus was in town at the time of the attack; it moved on a day or so later. I always suspected that perhaps the weapon was a tool used in some way by roustabouts or animal tenders. We will never know. Like most whodunits in Dade County, the case remains unsolved. The detectives who investigated it have all since retired or quit. Five police chiefs have come and gone since somebody smashed the skull of the man who dealt in religious books. I doubt that anybody now connected with the department even remembers that homicide.

  But I do.

  What the heck was that thing? It is still a perplexing and troubling question, nagging along with all the others. I am uncomfortable with unsolved mysteries—and with the fact that whoever did it is still out there.

  Somewhere.

  The unsolved slaying of Edward Becher was the first of more than five thousand murders I have reported. Every crime, every victim is different. Some remain more vivid in memory than others, but none can really be forgotten. Each time, I want to know it all, everything. If I could just somehow piece it all together, perhaps the things that people do to each other might make some sense.

  Years ago, murder was rare and unusual, and almost every killing was front-page news. Then homicide became more and more common and less and less newsworthy. When Miami broke all prior records for violence in the years 1980-81 and its murder rate skyrocketed to number one in the nation, I was often forced to squeeze six, seven, even a dozen slayings into a single story. City-desk editors listed it on their daily budget as the "Murder Round-up." Combining the most outrageous cases in the lead, I would report them in a reverse chronology with the most recent first. Each victim's last story had to be limited to just a paragraph or two.

  Despite the constraints of space, I
still felt a need to learn all I could about each case. I rushed from one murder scene to another and another, engaged in a daily struggle to cram as much detail as possible into those too-brief paragraphs.

  Speeding back to the Herald on a deadline one night, with my notes on several homicides, I heard the unmistakable echo of gunfire as I roared beneath a highway overpass near a housing project. Suddenly I felt crazed, uncertain whether to continue on back to the paper, or stop and investigate, perhaps finding another story there would be no room to print. The hesitation was just for an instant. The U-turn left rubber in the road behind me.

  Looking back, I see now that for the better part of those two years, I was numb, shell-shocked, and operating strictly on instinct. I remember little of my personal life during that time, only the stories I wrote and the sense of being caught up in something totally out of control. The only reality was what I had to do. That paragraph or two devoted to each homicide was painstakingly put together.

  I felt obliged. Often it was the first and last time the victim's name ever appeared in a newspaper. Even at that, I felt a sense of guilt for such a cursory send-off.

  The woman left dead by the side of a desolate road in her yellow nightgown wanted to live just as much as you or I do. So did the illegal alien whose charred body was found in a cheap trunk in The Everglades. How dehumanizing to be regarded merely as numbers in the mounting statistics of death.

  They deserved better.

  Often assistant city editors, short on space and patience, would insist that I select and report only the "major murder" of the day. I knew what they meant, but I fought the premise. How can you choose?

  Every murder is major to the victim.

  Sure, it's simpler to write about only one case and go home. But some strange sense of obligation would not let me do it. The Miami Herald is South Florida's newspaper of record, and I felt compelled to report every murder, every death on its pages—names, dates, facts—to preserve them in our newspaper, in our files, in our consciousness, on record forever, in black and white. On my days off, or when I worked on other stories or projects, some murders went totally unreported. So I would carefully resurrect them, slipping them into the local section in round-ups, wrap-ups, and trend stories about possibly related cases. There was always a way, you could always find an angle. For instance: Victim number 141 in 1980 proved to be the widower of victim number 330 in 1979.

  A bright young reporter I talked to recently casually referred to what he called dirt-bag murders: the cases and the victims not worth reporting. There is no dirt-bag murder. The story is always there waiting to be found if you just dig deep enough.

  There are many misconceptions about murder in Miami. No one should jump to conclusions. Visitors should fear no harm. A reasonably prudent, law-abiding citizen is in no greater danger here than in his or her own hometown; perhaps less, depending on that hometown.

  Innocent victims do get murdered in Miami: a woman on a bus bench, caught in the crossfire between warring Rastafarians; a lovely young career woman who unwittingly moved into a trailer park managed by a paroled sex criminal. They are tragic, but they are rare.

  The vast majority of victims contribute to their own demise. They deal drugs, steal, rob, or stray with somebody else's mate until a stop is put to them. They quarrel in traffic or skirmish over parking spaces with other motorists—who happen to be armed and short-tempered. Or they brawl in bars, fight with neighbors, or batter their own spouses, who one day retaliate with deadly force. The average murder victim is not an average citizen. Most Miami murder victims have arrest records; most have drugs, alcohol, or both aboard when somebody sinks their ship.

  The crime of murder itself has changed a great deal in Miami. When I was new here, a sex murder usually meant heterosexual rape, a woman assaulted and slain. Now a sex killing more likely involves a homosexual encounter and is characterized by rage and overkill, with the victim stabbed or beaten even after death by a young street hustler, already violent, criminal, and full of rage.

  In simpler times, the bulk of cases were robbery-murders and old-fashioned domestic battles. They still take place of course, but by and large murder has become a far more difficult and complex crime to solve. Instead of asking "Whodunit?" Miami police now face the question of who was it? How can you ever hope to identify the killer if you can't identify the corpse?

  Many victims come without names. Somebody who flew to Florida to consummate a drug deal most likely did not announce his itinerary to friends and family. If an illegal alien or a resident of Seattle or Montreal gets ripped off and dumped dead in Florida's Everglades, how do you identify him—if you find him. If his fingerprints are still intact, there may be a chance, but if he has no police record to match them to—it is not a simple matter. And the world is full of amateurs trying to break into the drug business.

  Good homicide detectives go first to the victim's family, friends, and neighbors to learn who he was, who his associates were, and why somebody wanted him dead. But when a corpse has no name, who do you talk to? Where do you start?

  A newspaper story can help. Some detectives are too secretive or too paranoid to talk to a reporter. To avoid releasing the wrong information, they won't release any. Those detectives solve the fewest cases.

  I want to write those stories, and I want as many answers and details as possible. What about scars, tattoos, birthmarks, dental work, or jewelry? A distinctive Indian-Style bracelet on the wrist of a skeleton was recognized when his former sweetheart, who gave it to him, read my story in the newspaper. Once the victim was identified, so was the suspect, the roommate who had never reported him missing.

  Did the remains, often just bones, reveal any old fractures or deformities? A crooked little finger identified one murdered man, a long-healed broken ankle another.

  What is most precious seems cheap in Miami. The system makes life cheap. Drugs make it cheaper. So does attitude and perspective: A young city, Miami lacks the history, the roots, and the traditions of other major metropolitan areas. Everybody here is from someplace else.

  Miami is nobody's hometown. Ask people here for thirty years where they are from, they don't say Miami. They name the place they left. That is where their loyalty still lies. We are a city of strangers without community spirit or a sense of belonging. When bad things happen, there is no sense of outrage, no attitude of "This is my city. I'm not going to let this happen here."

  When the Boston Strangler stalked the women of that city, the horror was national. The attorney general stepped in. Money, manpower, and all the resources of the state were committed to solving the crimes.

  The Boston Strangler killed thirteen. He might have operated unnoticed in Miami.

  Police did not notice a dull-witted and inarticulate man named Jerry Townsend until he tried to rape a pregnant woman on a busy downtown Miami sidewalk in broad daylight. That got their attention. A homicide detective named Jimmy Boone routinely asked Townsend if he knew anything about a woman found murdered along a nearby railroad track three days earlier. Townsend knew everything about it. He obligingly took the detective to the scene and reenacted it. He did kill the woman by the railroad tracks and, oh yeah, at least thirteen others, most in neighboring Broward County. He told the startled detective that he had raped and strangled fourteen girls and women to avenge a friend whose throat was cut by a prostitute.

  He repeated over and over, "I hate women. I hate prostitutes." He killed them, he said, because they were alone on the street. He wanted to rid the streets of prostitutes. Of course he was wrong about a number of them. They were not prostitutes.

  One, in fact, was a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl.

  I once wrote a magazine story about more than a dozen unsolved murders and the possibility that they were the work of one man. One young Miami housewife was washing dishes in her kitchen when someone crept up behind her with a knife and cut her throat so savagely that her head was nearly severed. The cases were so terrifying that I felt c
ompelled to rearrange the furniture in my study-so I could work on the story with my back to the wall.

  Though well read, the piece inspired no action or indignation. The lone outcry came from the Miami Chamber of Commerce, directed not at the maniac or maniacs who were killing women, but at the magazine editor who printed the story. That was some time ago; awareness is a bit better now—but not a whole lot.

  Consider the murder of a man killed at a Miami cafeteria: The employees dragged the corpse out to the curb with the trash and went home. It was the second such incident at the same cafeteria in as many months.

  Or the local nightclub where patrons were shot to death on six different occasions: Nobody ever saw a thing. Victims number five and six were carried outside and dumped in the parking lot before police arrived.

  The sixth time, police got there fast and rounded up half a dozen fleeing patrons, but to little avail. "They all went blind when the shooting started," a detective said.

  At least fifty people claimed they saw nothing because they were visiting the rest room when the killing took place. For all to use the four-foot-by-four-foot rest room at the same time, they would have to stand on each other's shoulders.

  Absence of conscience also makes life cheap. Some kids have not yet developed one; some never will. No monster out of a nightmare is more frightening or dangerous than a kid with no conscience. There are fourteen-and fifteen-year-olds on the street who, if given a gun, would kill you as easily as they would sip a soft drink. You look into their eyes and see vacant space: nobody home. There is nothing in there yet, not a glimmer. You wonder if there ever will be.

  But the worst of all, the most ruthless killers ever encountered in Miami, arrived among the Mariel refugees. Some men who would have, should have died in Cuban prisons or mental wards will open fire on strangers in crowded bars or cafeterias to simply prove quién es mas macho. They consider killing an accomplishment. An arrest enhances their reputation. To charge them with murder is a compliment; they are flattered.